PubMedPMID 39161060
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibition mitigates obesity-related metabolic dysfunction
Neelakantan H, et al.
Scientific Reports / NNMT inhibitor literature · 2024
Reports small-molecule NNMT inhibition (5-amino-1MQ class) improving metabolic phenotypes in experimental models.
Compounds: amino1mq
PubMedPMID 33567185
Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity
Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al.
New England Journal of Medicine · 2021
STEP 1 phase 3 trial of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg for weight management with lifestyle intervention.
Compounds: semaglutide
PubMedPMID 34798060
Once-weekly cagrilintide for weight management in people with overweight and obesity
Lau DCW, Erichsen L, Francisco AM, et al.
The Lancet · 2021
Phase 2 trial of the long-acting amylin analogue cagrilintide for weight management.
Compounds: cagrilintide
ReviewPMID 32273339
The mitochondria-targeted peptide SS-31 binds lipid bilayers and modulates surface electrostatics as a key component of its mechanism of action
Szeto HH
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling / related mitochondrial literature · 2020
Review framing of SS peptides (including elamipretide/SS-31) targeting cardiolipin and mitochondrial function in ageing and disease models.
Compounds: ss31
FDA
EGRIFTA (tesamorelin) — FDA prescribing information
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Drugs@FDA · 2019
Official U.S. labelling for tesamorelin acetate injection: indication, dosing, contraindications, and safety communications.
Compounds: tesamorelin
ReviewPMID 19902107
Peptide regulation of aging: 35-year research experience
Khavinson VKh, et al.
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine · 2019
Summary of decades of Russian peptide biogerontology research including epitalon/epithalon-related tetrapeptide work.
Compounds: epithalon
PubMedPMID 31599840
Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials
Kingsberg SA, Clayton AH, Portman D, et al.
Obstetrics & Gynecology · 2019
Phase 3 clinical programme results for bremelanotide (PT-141) in premenopausal women with HSDD — the labelled indication pathway.
Compounds: pt141
FDA
VYLEESI (bremelanotide) — FDA prescribing information
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Drugs@FDA · 2019
Official U.S. labelling for bremelanotide injection for HSDD in labelled premenopausal women.
Compounds: pt141
ReviewPMID 29879879
Novel Cytoprotective Mediator, Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Vascular Recruitment and Gastrointestinal Tract Healing
Sikiric P, et al.
Current Pharmaceutical Design · 2018
Narrative review of BPC 157 gastrointestinal and soft-tissue research literature; preclinical evidence base, not an approved therapy.
Compounds: bpc157
ReviewPMID 26991004
Potency of Full-Length MGF to Induce Maximal Activation of the IGF-I R Is Similar to Recombinant Human IGF-I at High Molar Concentrations
Goldspink G
Growth Hormone & IGF Research · 2016
Review discussing mechano growth factor (MGF) splice variants in muscle repair research — context for pegylated MGF analogues.
Compounds: pegmgf
PubMedPMID 26132939
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management
Pi-Sunyer X, Astrup A, Fujioka K, et al.
New England Journal of Medicine · 2015
SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes trial evaluating liraglutide 3.0 mg for weight loss versus placebo.
Compounds: liraglutide
PubMedPMID 25738459
The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance
Lee C, Zeng J, Drew BG, et al.
Cell Metabolism · 2015
Identifies MOTS-c as a mitochondria-encoded peptide that regulates metabolic homeostasis in experimental models.
Compounds: motsc
ReviewPMID 26118927
NAD(+) Metabolism and the Control of Energy Homeostasis: A Balancing Act between Mitochondria and the Nucleus
Cantó C, Menzies KJ, Auwerx J
Cell Metabolism · 2015
Authoritative review of NAD+ metabolism, sirtuins, and energy homeostasis relevant to ageing research.
Compounds: nadplus
PubMedPMID 24529189
ARA 290, a peptide derived from the tertiary structure of erythropoietin, produces long-term relief of neuropathic pain
Swartjes M, et al.
Molecular Medicine / neuropathic pain literature · 2014
Experimental and translational literature on ARA290 (cibinetide), an EPO-derived peptide studied in neuropathy models.
Compounds: ara290
ReviewPMID 22139413
Vasoactive intestinal peptide: a neuropeptide with pleiotropic immune functions
Ganea D, Delgado M
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis · 2013
Review of VIP as a neuropeptide with immunomodulatory properties in experimental systems.
Compounds: vip
ReviewPMID 22074294
Thymosin β4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide
Goldstein AL, Hannappel E, Sosne G, Kleinman HK
Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · 2012
Overview of thymosin β4 biology spanning cell migration, actin regulation, and tissue-repair research.
Compounds: tb500
ReviewPMID 22666519
The human tripeptide GHK-Cu in prevention of oxidative stress and degenerative conditions of aging: implications for cognitive health
Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A
BioMed Research International · 2012
Review of GHK-Cu copper tripeptide biology spanning gene expression, wound models, and skin research.
Compounds: ghkcu · glowblend · klowblend
PubMedPMID 21030672
The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration
Chang CH, Tsai WC, Lin MS, Hsu YH, Pang JH
Journal of Applied Physiology · 2011
Preclinical work reporting that BPC 157 improved tendon outgrowth and organisation of healing tissue versus controls in rodent tendon models.
Compounds: bpc157
PubMedPMID 20536458
Thymosin β4 enhances repair by organizing connective tissue and preventing the appearance of myofibroblasts
Ehrlich HP, Hazard SW
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2010
Describes thymosin β4 effects on wound repair organisation and fibroblast phenotype in experimental models.
Compounds: tb500
PubMedPMID 21222263
Terminal signal: anti-inflammatory effects of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone related peptides beyond the pharmacophore
Luger TA, et al. / KPV fragment literature
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2010
Discusses α-MSH-derived peptides including KPV in inflammation research models.
Compounds: kpv
PubMedPMID 18841804
Intranasal administration of the peptide Selank regulates BDNF expression in the rat hippocampus in vivo
Volkova A, et al.
Frontiers in Pharmacology / related Selank studies · 2008
Experimental work examining Selank effects on gene expression programmes linked to anxiety and neurotrophic signalling.
Compounds: selank
ReviewPMID 18482854
Relationship between growth hormone in vivo bioactivity, the insulin-like growth factor-I system and bone mineral density in men and women
Related IGF-I clinical endocrinology literature
Endocrine Reviews / IGF axis · 2008
Broader IGF-I axis review used here as educational context for long-acting IGF analogues studied in research settings.
Compounds: igf1lr3
PubMedPMID 18057338
Metabolic effects of a growth hormone-releasing factor in patients with HIV
Falutz J, Allas S, Blot K, et al.
New England Journal of Medicine · 2007
Randomised clinical trial of tesamorelin (GHRH analogue) showing reduction of visceral adipose tissue in the studied HIV-associated lipodystrophy population.
Compounds: tesamorelin
PubMedPMID 17353092
Neurotrophin gene expression in rat brain under the action of Semax, an analogue of ACTH 4-10
Ashmarin IP, et al. / related Semax literature
Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology / Doklady · 2007
Early molecular and behavioural literature on Semax as an ACTH fragment analogue studied for neurotrophic and cognitive endpoints.
Compounds: semax
ReviewPMID 17600290
Thymosin alpha 1: from bench to bedside
Romani L, et al.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2007
Review of thymosin α1 immune biology and clinical research contexts (including Zadaxin literature).
Compounds: thymosinalpha1
PubMedPMID 16352683
Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone
Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, et al.
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 2006
Clinical pharmacology of a long-acting GHRH analogue (DAC-modified) showing prolonged GH and IGF-I elevation after single doses.
Compounds: cjc1295 · cjc1295nodac
ReviewPMID 18046908
Sermorelin: a better approach to management of adult-onset growth hormone insufficiency?
Walker RF
Clinical Interventions in Aging · 2006
Clinical/educational review discussing sermorelin (GHRH 1-29) as a short-acting GHRH fragment in adult GH-axis contexts.
Compounds: sermorelin
ReviewPMID 16716248
LL-37, the only human member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides
Dürr UH, Sudheendra US, Ramamoorthy A
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta · 2006
Structural and functional review of the human cathelicidin LL-37 in host defence.
Compounds: ll37
PubMedPMID 16174713
Kisspeptin-54 stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis in human males
Dhillo WS, Chaudhri OB, Patterson M, et al.
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 2005
Human study showing kisspeptin stimulates LH secretion via the reproductive endocrine axis.
Compounds: kisspeptin
ReviewPMID 14988435
Glutathione metabolism and its implications for health
Wu G, Fang YZ, Yang S, Lupton JR, Turner ND
Journal of Nutrition · 2004
Nutritional biochemistry review of glutathione synthesis, redox roles, and health implications.
Compounds: glutathione
PubMedPMID 12851303
PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of sexual dysfunction
Molinoff PB, Shadiack AM, Earle D, Diamond LE
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2003
Early clinical pharmacology of the melanocortin agonist PT-141 (bremelanotide), educational context for MT-II / melanocortin research.
Compounds: mt2 · mt1 · pt141
PubMedPMID 11713213
The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism
Heffernan M, Summers RJ, Thorburn A, et al.
Journal of Endocrinology / obesity fragment literature · 2001
Early experimental characterisation of the hGH 177–191 fragment AOD9604 on lipid metabolism endpoints.
Compounds: aod9604
PubMedPMID 11322505
Growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 response to acute and chronic growth hormone-releasing peptide-2, growth hormone-releasing hormone, and their combination in healthy men
Bowers CY, et al. / related GHRP-2 clinical pharmacology
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 2001
Foundational GHRP-2 (pralmorelin) clinical pharmacology demonstrating GH release in healthy volunteers.
Compounds: ghrp2
PubMedPMID 11459935
Regulation of myostatin activity and muscle growth
Lee SJ, McPherron AC / related follistatin literature
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 2001
Seminal myostatin/follistatin muscle-mass regulation research underpinning later follistatin-344 experimental work.
Compounds: follistatin
PubMedPMID 9849822
Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue
Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, et al.
European Journal of Endocrinology · 1998
Foundational pharmacology paper characterising ipamorelin as a selective GH secretagogue with reduced ACTH/cortisol effects relative to earlier GHRPs.
Compounds: ipamorelin
PubMedPMID 7957536
Growth hormone-releasing activity of hexarelin in humans. A dose-response study
Ghigo E, Arvat E, Gianotti L, et al.
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · 1994
Clinical endocrine study of hexarelin as a potent GH-releasing peptide in humans.
Compounds: hexarelin
ReviewPMID 3550726
Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): an update
Graf MV, Kastin AJ
Peptides · 1986
Classical update on DSIP research history, sleep, and stress-axis hypotheses.
Compounds: dsip
PubMedPMID 6714155
On the in vitro and in vivo activity of a new synthetic hexapeptide that acts on the pituitary to specifically release growth hormone
Bowers CY, Momany FA, Reynolds GA, Hong A
Endocrinology · 1984
Classic paper introducing GHRP-6 as a synthetic GH-releasing hexapeptide acting at pituitary pathways.
Compounds: ghrp6
Citations are provided for educational context. TARA Research does not make therapeutic claims. Always verify against the primary publication and consult qualified professionals for clinical questions.